Kizuna Ai's popularity can be attributed to the oversaturation of traditional webcam YouTubers and for aspects of characters that the audience would not expect. Within ten months, she had over two million subscribers and later became a culture ambassador of the Japan National Tourism Organization. Created by digital production company Activ8 and voice-acted by Nozomi Kasuga, Kizuna AI created a sense of "real intimacy" with fans, as she was responsive to their questions. She was the first to coin and use the term "virtual YouTuber". In late 2016, Kizuna AI, the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity, made her debut on YouTube. VShojo was founded in November 2020 as one of the first VTuber companies based in the Western world.
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The Live2D software module enabling 2D avatars and was added one year later in 2015 in collaboration with Live2D, Inc. In 2014 the FaceRig indie software launched on Indiegogo as an EU crowdfunding project, and later that year it was released on Steam becoming the first software suite that enabled live avatars at home via face motion capture that started being actively used on steaming website and YouTube. In 2014, Airi got her own solo program every Thursday and began live broadcasting with motion capture. debuted a Vocaloid-styled character called Weatheroid Type A Airi on SOLiVE24, a 24-hour weather live stream on Nico Nico Douga, on YouTube and their website. In 2012, Japanese company Weathernews Inc. On 13 June 2011, UK-based Japanese vlogger Ami Yamato uploaded her first video, which featured an animated, virtual avatar speaking to the camera. On 12 February 2010, visual novel maker Nitroplus began uploading videos to its YouTube channel featuring an animated 3D version of its mascot Super Sonico, who would usually talk to the audience about herself or about releases related to the company. The use of the term "graduation" to refer to a streamer retiring their character and/or leaving an agency is also a holdover from the idol industry. Streamers are employed by an agency to portray characters developed by the company, which are then commercialized via merchandising and other promotional appearances, as well as traditional revenue streams such as monetization of their videos, and viewer donations. Major VTubers are often employed by talent agencies, with business models influenced by those used by idol agencies. Commissioned models can cost as high as US$2,000 depending on their level of detail. The animation software Live2D is typically used to rig two-dimensional models constructed from drawn textures, while programs such as VRoid Studio have sometimes been used to create three-dimensional models.
Some programs use an iPhone as an external webcam, leveraging the infrared-illuminated sensor in its Face ID hardware.
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Both free and paid programs have been developed for loading models and performing motion capture, with some capable of being used without a webcam (albeit with pre-determined animations), and some also supporting virtual reality hardware, or hand tracking devices such as the Leap Motion Controller. See also: Video game live streaming § EquipmentĪ VTuber's avatar is typically animated using a webcam and software, which captures the streamer's motions, expressions, and mouth movements, and maps them to a two- or three-dimensional model. Virtual YouTubers have appeared in domestic advertising campaigns in Japan, and have broken livestream-related world records. Fan translations and foreign-language VTubers have marked a rise in the trend's international popularity. Her popularity sparked a VTuber trend in Japan, and spurred the establishment of specialized agencies to promote them, including Hololive Production and Nijisanji. The first entertainer to use the phrase "virtual YouTuber", Kizuna AI, began creating content on YouTube in late 2016. Although the term alludes to the video platform YouTube, virtual YouTubers also appear on platforms including Niconico, Twitch and Bilibili. By 2020, there were more than 10,000 active VTubers. A digital trend that originated in Japan in the mid-2010s and, since the early 2020s, has become an international online phenomenon, a majority of VTubers are English and Japanese-speaking YouTubers or live streamers who use avatar designs. Real-time motion capture software or technology are often – but not always – used to capture movement. The character shown is Fushimi Gaku of Nijisanji.Ī VTuber ( ブイチューバー, BuiChūbā), or virtual YouTuber ( Japanese: バーチャルユーチューバー, Hepburn: bācharu YūChūbā), is an online entertainer who uses a virtual avatar generated using computer graphics. Screenshot of a VTuber stream, with viewers communicating live with the character.
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